Knee joint arthrosis (gonartrosis, osteoarthrosis) is a deformation and destruction of cartilage, which is accompanied by pain.This condition can lead to loss of function and defect.The disease often affects women over the age of 40, especially those exposed to fullness.At a young age, arthrosis occurs as a result of injuries received during sports or harsh physical work.The disease can be one or two -way if both feet are affected.It is necessary to treat the pathology comprehensive.
The grounds of development
There are two forms of knee joint arthrosis, depending on the cause of the disease:
- main;
- Secondary.
The main form of children develops in children and is associated with improper ligaments or joints, which are more defective during physical activity.
The secondary form is caused by the reasons described in the table:
| Cause | Information |
| Injury | Fracture, dislocation, meniscus damage.These are factors that contribute to the development of arthrosis at a young age.In the presence of injuries, it is impossible to bend and bend the limbs.Treatment consists of temporary fixation of the feet, which exacerbates the blood circulation process.This is the reason for the formation of arthrosis.When meniscus are removed, the disease develops in 9 out of 10 cases |
| Increased load | They must fit the age of a person.With excessive load, microtrauma and stretching occur, which is not always felt, but causes significant harm to the joint condition.All movements during sports should be smooth.The most impressed knee joints while running and squats |
| Overweight | This factor causes meniscus damage.In full people, knee joint recovery lasts longer, as the additional burden of excess weight is located exactly on the knee.Severe forms of arthrosis as a result of obesity arise in conjunction with varicose veins |
| Disadvantages of Ligament apparatus | This condition is most often combined with called mobile joints.In this case, one has a flexible body and can sit around without warmth, leading to microtrauma, and then to the arthrosis, if there is more damage.Joint mobility can also be associated with affected leg sensitivity, so one does not feel pain in damage |
| A illness of the mutual illness | Arthrosis often occurs in the presence of arthritis (rheumatoid, reactive or psoriatic).In this case, the accumulation of synovial fluid in the joint cavity occurs, leading to the destruction of tissues and arthrosis |
| A violation of the metabolic process | If the interruption in the fabric occurs, do not accept the minerals and the necessary materials.Calcium deficiency negatively affects the condition of the cartilage.This condition also leads to salt deposition |
| Stress | With persistent nerve pressure and mood changes, blood circulation deterioration occurs in the legs, swelling and inflammation occurs |
The disease can occur in one form (right -right or left) or two -way shape:
- Injury is the cause of an arthrosis in favor of the side;
- Obesity - two -way.
Symptom
Symptoms of knee joint arthrosis vary depending on the level of the disease.The classic commands of their events are described in the table:
| Symptom | Information |
| Cracing and clicking the joints | These symptoms are often unknown, although problems indicate the beginning of the process.To determine the presence, you need to put your hands on the knee cup and slowly bend and release the knee.Crunch or click feels pretty easy |
| Sore | At the beginning of the degenerative change, it is almost significant and increasing after static load (weight lifting).Dynamic load, on the other hand, improves cartilage nutrition.Pain is associated with exposure to the nerve endings when erasing cartilage tissue.With the development of the disease, pain is increasing, as the process of inflammation and edema occurs.The obvious development of inflammation is to signal the pain that arises even when resting |
| Mover station | This condition usually occurs after a night's sleep and lasts for 30-60 minutes.Fibrin films are formed during the joints and after sleeping mechanically prevents their movement until they are partially eradicated.The stiffness of movement that lasts more than an hour indicates another disease |
| Reduce the amplitude of movement | It manifests itself in the impairment of bending the legs in the knees to the end.Patients, trying to minimize pain, try to move their feet less.Ligaments are adjusted by the amount of small movement over time and shortening |
| Increase the number of joints | It occurs due to the swelling of the soft tissue surrounding the joints, and the growth of the spike along the edge, which, with the development of the disease, combines with one array |
| Together in one position | In this case, the joints are blocked in certain positions and with any displacement causing pain.This is due to changes in the surface of the joints, where the internal ligaments go beyond the natural curves of the bones, leading to its stretching.The joints are prescribed in a certain position and can return to the beginning only with the inverted ligaments of the ligaments.In rare cases, jamming occurs caused by foreign bodies (for example, part of the meniscus) into the joint gap |
| Dislocations and subluxation | This condition is found with advanced arthrosis.With disobedience, the foot axis turns to the side, and the joint inserts are quite difficult.Subluxation is associated with a partial displacement of the joint surface compared to the normal position.In this case, the pain is pronounced, but the lowering of the lower leg in a slight |
Degree and type of disease
There are 3 degrees of disease depending on the severity of the symptoms.
First
Arthrosis of the first degree continues almost without symptoms.In this case, they are characterized by:
- fatigue in the feet;
- a little pain after the burden passed away;
- slight decreases in mobility after sleep;
- Rarely - synovial fluid accumulation, leading to the formation of baker cyst;
Outside, joint deformation is not significant.In X -Rays, the disease is either invisible, or minor distortion is indicated on cartilage and bone surface.Additional studies are required without fail.
The second
Symptoms in this case will be more noticeable:
- Pain occurs from the minimum load, but after the rest it passes;
- Deficiency occurs during movement;
- It becomes impossible to bend the feet;
- Bone change together;
- Synovitis develops;
- The form of joint change, which is associated with fluid accumulation.
In X -ray, bone growth can be seen.
The third
For the 3rd degree arthrosis, the feature features are:
- pain that is not related to the load (joints are troublesome even at night);
- The movement is completely disturbed;
- The sensitivity of the joints to change in the weather.
Radiography shows changes in cartilage and joint surface.Foot curvature leads to defects.
Reduces arthrosis (prayer) due to bone deposition.Often, women with overweight suffer them.The main symptoms are acute pain and crisis in the joints.Treatment should be started even in the early stages - in this case, the opportunity to preserve the cartilage tissue is relatively high.
Depending on localization, arthrosis can:
- knees;
- hip (coksartrosis);
- cervix;
- shoulder;
- Lotar;
- ankle;
- Vertebrate.
Comprehensive treatment
The therapy of the disease is quite long.In medicine, there are 3 main stages of treatment depending on the level of the disease:
| The level of arthrosis | Steps -The therapeutic step |
| 1st |
|
| 2 |
|
| To -3 |
|
Medication
Medicines based on 3 groups of drugs:
- Anti -Non -steroidal drugs.
- Glucocorticosteroids.
- Chondroprotectors.
Nsaid
It is a group of drugs that have anti -antiphesic, antipyretic and analgesic effects.They are divided into two groups:
- Not elegant.The anti -inflammatory effects of the drug show itself on all body tissues, including healthy ones.
- Selective.Act directly on the focus of inflammation.
The most common side effects of these drugs are the formation of ulcers and stomach and intestinal erosion 12 peremail.In addition, it is recommended to take funds to protect the mucosa.At the same time, local NSAIDs do not trigger such negative consequences, so they can be used for a long time.
To achieve rapid pain and anti -anti -inflammation, intramuscular injection with NSAID is prescribed.
Glucocorticosteroids
These drugs are prescribed if the NSAID effect is insufficient.
Hormone compounds for arthrosis are only used local - in the form of ointment or intra -articular injection.Ointment with glucocorticosteroids cannot be used for over 7-10 consecutive days.Longer courses lead to skin atrophy at the place of application.
Intra -articular injection is required when painkillers and anti -anti -inflammation of the NSAID and ointment with hormones are inadequate.
The effects of injection in the joints quickly: the patient feels relieved within the first half hour.The injection period depends on how long the drug will be in the joint cavity.This is influenced by two factors - the amount of drugs administered and its use.The stronger damage to the cartilage, the more medicines are taken.
Chondroprotectors
The mechanism of action of this drug group is based on the delivery of the material required for its recovery to the articular cartilage.During therapy with chondroprotectors:
- No anti -anti -analgesic effects;
- Therapeutic effects occur gradually;
- It turned out that the prevention was due to the prevention of cartilage destruction.
These drugs include substances that form cartilage joints:
- cartilage construction material, which is needed to maintain its structure;
- The basis for intraarticular fluid production.
It should take medication for a long time (3-5 months).
Physiotherapy
Arthrosis physiotherapy is a method of physical influence, which has a good effect on the state of the knee joint.The main condition of achieving positive results is the correct choice of the required procedure.
Physiotherapy is just an additional tool.
The table describes the procedure used for knee joint arthrosis:
| Name | Effect | The duration of treatment |
| Electrophoresis using a drug | Under the influence of direct electrical current, some drugs can be transmitted to the tissue in the joints.Anesthetic drugs and chlorine are most often prescribed | Half an hour daily for 2 weeks |
| Ultrafonophoresis | Using ultraviolet waves, the active ingredient of the drug penetrates deep into the tissue.Hormones, anti -inflammation and painkillers are used together | No more than 10 minutes a day for 10-14 days |
| Laser rays | Under the influence of light radiation bundle, certain molecules are activated, contributing to the recovery of metabolic processes and regeneration in the fabric | 7-10 minutes daily for 2 weeks |
| Infrared radiation | Heating in deep tissue occurs, as a result of formed substances that launch a recovery reaction to the joint | 10 minutes.Treatment course - 1 week |
| Impulsive magnetotherapy | Under the influence of high magnetic fields, changes occur in cells and tissues - reinforced membranes, metabolic processes are normalized | Per joint - 5-8 minutes for 7 days |
| Local cryotherapy | Under the influence of low temperatures (cold air flow to -30 degrees) there is an increase in the functioning of all basic systems, which stimulates tissue recovery | 10 minutes per joint for 10 days |
Some methods, when improper appointments, can exacerbate the condition of the knee joint.
Surgical intervention
Medical treatment methods are intended for maximum delays at this time when one of the most therapeutic methods is a replacement of diseased joints.Often, such decisions are made in the last stage of arthrosis.
The main method of surgical intervention is:
- Arthroscopy.A special needle is introduced through a puncture, which removes bone growth that causes pain, as well as cartilage and debris.
- Prosthetics.In this case, the damaged joints are removed and replaced by artificial.Modern prosthesis is rarely rejected by the body.
Exercise therapy
A set of exercises for osteoarthritis helps restore joint function and strengthen it.They need to be done slowly so as not to stretch the ligaments.
Description:
- Lying on the stomach, slowly lifting the legs alternately until the right corner is formed.The main emphasis is on the hip and lower leg muscles.The pressure on the back is not allowed.
- Lying on the stomach, raising your feet straight up, as much as possible.In this position, alternately reducing and reproducing them.This exercise is not suitable for everyone, as trained newspaper muscles are needed.It is not recommended to implement it to people with high blood pressure.
- Lying next to, bent the feet below.Raise the upper leg and linger for a few seconds at the top point.
- Climbing to socks, holding the back of the chair.Run at the top, while repeling the leg muscles.
- Smoothly moving one foot from heel to foot.The other leg is to perform the opposite action - from the foot to the heel.
- Rinse behind the chair and stand on the heel, raising the socks, gradually increasing the time.
- Stand, with a passion for rubbing your feet towards the knee to the thighs.
Diet
There is no special diet for arthrosis.Power correction is intended to reduce weight, reduce inflammation and strengthen the articular structure.
The diet should be balanced, with high vitamin and mineral content.
Basic principles:
- Salt consumption restrictions (up to 5-8 g per day) and any salty products (canned foods, chips, salts).
- Exception of fried dishes.It is recommended to burn food, simmer, cook or steam.
- Increased use of fluid (up to 2-2.5 liters of water per day).
- Transition to breakdown nutrition.
- Daily use of 2-3 pieces.
It is recommended to use the following dishes:
- fish and seafood;
- nuts;
- sunflower, olive oil and hemp seeds;
- meat and low poultry;
- fresh berries and fruits;
- Vegetables - bits - beet, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage;
- whole wheat bread;
- Milk and dairy products.
A folk method
Before using folk medicine, it is recommended to explain the diagnosis and consult a doctor.The most effective recipes described in the table:
| Materials | Application method |
| The leaves of the juniper and the juniper in the same amount, honey in a ratio of 1: 3 |
|
| Root, flowers or branches of black elderberry |
|
| Leaf Bay - 10 g, 250 ml of water |
|
| Mustard dry and honey (2 tbsp), eggs |
|
| Cabbage |
|
| Chamomile, calendula, burdock in the same quantity, petroleum jelly |
|
Knee joint arthrosis is a serious disease that cannot be completely cured.If the first symptoms occur, it is recommended to consult a doctor and follow all his recommendations not to bring the disease to the last stage.